THE ALGERIAN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

The educational system is
structured into primary foundation school for nine years, followed by secondary
education school for three years, and then the tertiary (university) level.
Algerian education is still grounded in the French fact-acquisition
orientation, and teaching is almost exclusively in the lecture and memorization
mode. In 1996, the total enrollment at primary and secondary schools was
equivalent to 86 percent of the school age population (89 percent of the boys,
82 percent of the girls). Enrollment at primary schools in the relevant age
group was 97 percent for boys and 91 percent for girls.

A 1995 UNICEF study
reported that early childhood education services for children up to 6 years of
age were limited. Fewer than 50,000 children were enrolled, exclusive of those
in quranic preschools (quranic schools accommodate large numbers of preschool
children.). Of those enrolled, 10 percent of children up to 3 years old were in
nurseries and 90 percent of 3 to 6 year olds were in kindergartens. Fifty-five
percent of those in kindergarten were urban children. Estimates in 1995 of the
percentage of preschool age children enrolled in some form of preschool
(including quranic schools) ranged from 3 to 20 percent. Reports from 1995
indicated that no preschool services existed for children with special
educational needs except for special sections in kindergartens attached to
primary schools for those with hearing impairments. Preprimary schools are
conducted in Arabic and are not compulsory.

The Foundation School
(École Fondamentale et Polytechnique), replaced the French 10-year compulsory
school model with a nine-year model. Primary and middle schools were combined,
scientific and technical literacy stressed, and closer connections sought
between schooling and work. Classes are taught in Arabic, with French
considered the first foreign language. Students are oriented either toward
secondary school or toward vocational training.

Primary education (Enseignement
Primaire) is organized into three cycles, each comprising of three years.
It is compulsory for the nine years between ages 6 and 15. Students completing
primary education follow one of three tracks—general, technical or vocational.
Students take a final exam (brevet d'enseignement fondamental) that they
must pass for admission to secondary education.

In 1996, the total
enrollment in primary schools included 94 percent of the appropriate age groups
(97 percent of the boys, 91 percent of the girls). The ministry reports that in
1996 there were 15,426 state primary schools with 4,674,947 students (46
percent were girls) and 149,958 teachers for the first through the sixth years,
and 3,038 middle schools (for those age 7 to 9) with 1,762,761 students, of
which 38 percent were girls.

There are two types of
secondary education: technical and general. Secondary education (Enseignement
Secondaire) begins at age 15 and ends when students take the baccalauréat
examination before they proceed to one of the universities, state technical
institutes, or vocational training centers, or move directly into employment.
The academic year is from September to July, with a 15-day break in December
and another in March. Schooling is free, although some scholarships are offered
by the state for living expenses.

In 1996, enrollment in the secondary schools
included 56 percent of the appropriate age groups (58 percent of the boys and
54 percent of the girls). There were 1,033 secondary schools with 52,210
teachers and 853,303 students. Admission to secondary schools is based

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